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What are semiconductor ceramics
Semiconductor ceramics refer to ceramics having semiconductor properties and an electrical conductivity of about 10 − 6 to 105 S/m. The conductivity of semiconductor ceramics changes significantly due to changes in external conditions (temperature, light, electric field, atmosphere and temperature, etc.), so the physical changes in the external environment can be converted into electrical signals to make sensitive components for various purposes.
The common feature of the semiconductor ceramic production process is that it must go through the semi-conductive process. The semi-conductive process can replace part of the main crystal phase ions by doping non-equivalent ions (for example, Ba2 in BaTiO3 is replaced by La3), so that defects are generated in the crystal lattice, and donor or acceptor energy levels are formed, so as to obtain n-type or p-type semiconductor ceramics. Another method is to control the firing atmosphere, sintering temperature and cooling process. For example, an oxidizing atmosphere can cause an excess of oxygen, and a reducing atmosphere can cause an oxygen deficiency, which can cause the composition of the compound to deviate from the stoichiometry and achieve semi-conductivity. The semiconductor ceramic sensitive material has the advantages of simple production process, low cost, small volume and wide application. Pressure-sensitive ceramics refer to ceramics with nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics. Such as silicon carbide, zinc oxide ceramics. Their resistivity is variable relative to the voltage, and the resistance is very high at a certain critical voltage, and the resistance decreases sharply beyond this critical voltage. The typical product is zinc oxide varistor ceramics, which is mainly used for surge absorption, high voltage stabilization, voltage and current limiting and overvoltage protection.
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