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2023
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In the new energy automobile industry chain, those advanced structural ceramics
China Powder Net News Structural ceramic materials have high modulus, high hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, biocompatibility, and excellent electrical insulation and light transmission that metals and polymer materials do not have. Wave and other characteristics, it is widely used in aerospace, information electronics, nuclear power and new energy and other fields.
Structural ceramics are mainly: cutting tools, molds, wear parts, pump and valve parts, engine parts, heat exchangers and armor. The main materials are silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), boron carbide (B4C), titanium diboride (TiB2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Sialon (Sialon) and so on.
In recent years, the international community has paid special attention to the research and development and industrialization of advanced structural ceramics, especially in Japan, the United States, Germany and other countries, and formulated a series of research and development plans for advanced ceramic materials. Next, let's take a look at the advanced structural ceramics that appear in the new energy automobile industry chain.
ceramic tool
Ceramic tool materials are divided into three categories: alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, composite silicon nitride-alumina ceramics.
Ceramic cutting tools are used in high-speed cutting of automotive parts and high-temperature alloys, and have been greatly developed in the past ten years. Like Japan's Kyocera Corporation (Kyocera), Japan's NGK Corporation, the United States Kenna, Sweden's Sandvik, Germany's CeramTec companies have advanced ceramic tool production lines, the production of Al2O3-based, Si3N4-based, and whisker toughened Al2O3 ceramic tools. At present, the proportion of ceramic cutting tools in developed countries is about 5% ~ 10%. Because it can greatly improve the processing efficiency, it has brought huge economic benefits to the machining process.
ceramic bearing
People common ceramic bearing rings and rolling body using all ceramic materials, zirconia (ZrO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC) three. Among them, silicon nitride (Si3N4) is considered to be the best material for manufacturing ceramic bearings. For electric vehicles, one of the biggest advantages of Si3N4 ceramic bearings is that they have excellent electrical resistance.
Si3N4 as a natural electrical insulator, in the high-frequency alternating current environment, the ceramic rolling body in the bearing between the inner and outer ring to block the role. Since the capacitance of the ceramic bearing is very low, the diameter of the rolling elements is large compared to the small raceway contact points. In addition, the relative dielectric constant of Si3N4 ceramic is low, its resistance value is very large, then the ceramic bearing is still an effective tool to block the shaft current.
Secondly, Si3N4 ceramic bearings are not only lighter in weight than steel bearings, but also have higher hardness. Their hardness is twice that of steel bearings, and they are not susceptible to deformation due to interference from the external environment. From the bearing life and bearing efficiency point of view, Si3N4 ceramic bearing is a good choice.
ceramic substrate
The electronic control system is a key component of an electric vehicle. Its main components include system integration and software, chips and special devices, IGBT modules, vehicle microcontrollers, vehicle sensors, electronic control modules, connectors, etc. Among them, the IGBT module is the "central nervous system" of the entire electronic control system and the core of the drive system, accounting for 40% to 50% of the total cost of the controller.
The heat generated in the IGBT module package is mainly transferred to the heat dissipation plate through the ceramic copper clad plate and finally conducted out, and the ceramic copper clad substrate is one of the key parts that affect the long-term use of the module.
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